China's growth contradicts the links between democracy and growth Essay

China's growth contradicts the links between democracy and growth. Discuss - Essay Example Alongside democracy, capital and labor are some of the critical factors considered to have a significant effect on economic growth in the long run. There have been misconceptions that China’s economic growth is linked to the fact that China is a one-party state that upholds the authoritarian form of government. These mistaken views have influenced other countries to believe that authoritarian rule contributes hugely to economic growth, although China’s growth is tied to liberalization of political and economic reforms, which have led to reduced authoritarianism. China’s growth contradicts the links between democracy and growth China’s growth contradiction with democracy has brought about complication in the fact that the world’s richest countries attribute their success and growth to existence of democracy in their systems. The belief that economic development are linked to democracy is getting weaker as authoritarian regimes like China are proving that they have the capability of achieving economic growth without putting any efforts on political democracies. However, it remains a fact that high per capita income in democratic states has a significant effect in achieving stable and increasing economic growth. Over the last twenty-five years, China's has maintained tremendous economic growth with rigid political aspects that have remained closely tied to authoritarian form of governance. This stagnation in political reforms has negated the concept of economic growth, resulting in educated citizens who later pressure the most authoritarian governments to allow for democracies in which they themselves can exercise control over political situations for the benefit of the entire country. Claims that democracy does not contribute to economic development arise with respect to government’s function of representing the common needs of all the citizens. Different requirements, views, and opinions of different citizens necessitate the government to function independently and represent the collective views of all citizens other than needs of a few individuals. Democracy existence is said to be a hindrance to the independence a government in fostering economic growth and effective citizen representation. The government is given the responsibility of collecting taxes and putting the revenue into productive use with respect to aggregate preferences of citizens. Therefore, democracies may become obstacles for government’s rational functionality; however, multiparty systems in voting in governments may represent rational preferences that meet a variety of conditions to a limited proportion. Moreover, democracy may reflect a system of governance that meets requirements of citizens but does not foster aggregate preferences such as economic prosperity. However, autonomy of the government in countries like China only infringes on political freedom and not economic freedom. Lack of political freedom is depicted by the single party governance where the government places independent emphasis on liberalization of foreign and private investment. Usually, authoritarian governments that have liberalized their economies are statistically proved to economically

COURSE WORK. OIL AND GAS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

COURSE WORK. OIL AND GAS - Assignment Example Esso, Exxon and Mobil are the brands in which the company uses to consolidate the market. These are energy products used in the petrochemical industry, lubrication and transport industry, and companies that require petroleum energy to drive their production (Coll 2012, Abreu 2010 and Choi, 2008). This paper is a report on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that face the company. It provides a critical evaluation of the above elements of the company, and where possible, this paper gives examples, and explains them. The main aim of this analysis is to predict the future potential of the weakness, and advice investors on whether it is wise to invest in this company. The importance of this SWOT analysis is to identify whether it is a wise venture to invest in ExxonMobil. To effectively explain the strengths of the organization, this paper highlights the following issues in regard to ExxonMobil, its position as the most dominant player in its field of operation, and its varied sources of revenue. This paper recognizes the company’s stable economic performance as one of its strengths. This paper identifies and explains the following as the weaknesses of the organization, excessive legal proceedings, employee instability, and a week upstream performance in the United States economy, and its association with dictatorial regimes in African countries such as Chad. It identifies the opportunities of this company as, emerging markets for energy in china, an increase for the demand of liquefied gas, increase in profitability due to its extensive base, among others. In identifying and describing the threats the organization faces, this paper focuses on the economic recession in United States of America and Europe, piracy and terror threats, and laws regulating the environment. This paper has a conclusion, and it is an analysis of the various described, and it gives a recommendation on whether investing in the company is

Brief Review of Literature Discussing Theories Essay

Brief Review of Literature Discussing Theories - Essay Example Equally, Bronfenbrenner, Pavlov, Skinner, Watson, Vygotsky in the midst of others, are among the distinguished theorists who have addressed the issue. This paper will review literature discussing theories and theorists concerned with the cause and response to problematic behaviour in children. Causes of problematic behaviour in children The development of children behaviours, whether good or problematic, starts at an early age. These behaviours may persist, if no intervention measures are put in place. In addition, the magnitude of the problem develops with age, as children who demonstrate problematic behaviours during their earlier years are likely to show more problems later in life (Papatheodorou, 2005 pp. 4). These behaviours start at birth, when they are controlled by external factors. Bowlby’s attachment theory asserts that infants begin to develop psychological attachment to the first people they relate with, and use the knowledge they acquire to shape their behaviours. The infant-parent relationship is thus very useful in influencing the environment that shapes the behaviour of the children (Wallach & Caulfield, 1998 pp. 125). According to Dowling (2009 pp. 11), developing the confidence of children at a tender age plays a major role in shaping their behaviours. She affirms that, confidence is a driver in supporting the growth at a tender age. It is apparent that children gain confidence from the relationship they develop with their parents. Such activities as allowing children to play may increase their self-confidence, which plays a role in shaping their behaviours (Dowling, 2009 pp. 11). John Bowlby (Arnold, 2010 pp. 21) in his study of the attachment theory affirmed that the earliest bond between children and their caregivers has a lasting effect in their lives. These affects are demonstrated in their behaviours, which may be problematic or calm. Children who do not have strong attachments with their parents or caregivers usually develop oppo sitional-defiant, conduct disorder and in extreme cases post-traumatic depression. This makes the children aggressive, upset most of the time and having a feeling of insecurity (Arnold, 2010 pp. 23). Piaget’s theory about children development cements the attachment theory. According to Piaget, children have the ability to construct their own knowledge based on the experiences they go through. In addition, he affirms that accommodation and assimilation play a role in shaping the behaviours of children. As a result, children who are rejected at a tender age may learn bad traits, which are reflected in their behaviours (Bronfenbrenner, 1979 pp. 10). Domestic violence in the families also plays a major role in shaping the behaviours of children. This incidence entails any form of threatening behaviour or violence, physical, psychological, financial or sexual between two adults who have been living together. Such incidences are devastating to the lives of a child who may not be aw are of what is going on. What children see, hear or experience during the violence makes them change their perception as well as behaviours. Children who for example hear their parent scream in anger or plead in fear, will develop aggression and hatred towards a certain group of people. As a result, the hatred is reflected in their behaviours (Sterne, Poole, Chadwick, & Lawler, 2010 pp. 4). On a larger perspective, the society in which children are brought up

REVIEW THIESIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

REVIEW THIESIS - Essay Example Additionally, the study also discusses past research findings pertaining to the connection between education and creativity, particularly on how it contributed to success in business education. Moreover, the study will discuss the role of creativity in real life situations and the challenges of incorporating creativity within education with special emphasis on the business sector (Fasko, 2001, p.321). The twenty-first century is an age of globalization, telecommunication and digitalization of various forms of technologies. Therefore, this rapidly changing world demands people to multi-task and have the relevant skills in order to adapt. People need to have the ability to be flexible and process information quickly and efficiently. To succeed in the twenty-first century workforce, it is important for an individual to have certain skills: for example, problems, solving, goal setting and creative thinking skills. According to Jeffrey and Woods (2003, p. 122), an education system can develop these skills by raising and encouraging creativity among students. Education can encourage flexibility, innovation and positive creative thinking among students. Unfortunately, the education system in most institutions also contributes to avoidance of creativity among students. Despite the importance of formal education in the lives of people, most educational systems are failing to recognize the importance of developing creativity among the students. As Shaheen and Robinson (2010) argue, the education system is limiting the extent to which students can discover their creative potential. This is because creativity is not the main objective of the learning and assessment process in education. Most educational systems put more emphasis on the importance of meeting the objectives and goals of the school program but fail to address the importance of creativity among the

COURSE WORK. OIL AND GAS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

COURSE WORK. OIL AND GAS - Assignment Example Esso, Exxon and Mobil are the brands in which the company uses to consolidate the market. These are energy products used in the petrochemical industry, lubrication and transport industry, and companies that require petroleum energy to drive their production (Coll 2012, Abreu 2010 and Choi, 2008). This paper is a report on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that face the company. It provides a critical evaluation of the above elements of the company, and where possible, this paper gives examples, and explains them. The main aim of this analysis is to predict the future potential of the weakness, and advice investors on whether it is wise to invest in this company. The importance of this SWOT analysis is to identify whether it is a wise venture to invest in ExxonMobil. To effectively explain the strengths of the organization, this paper highlights the following issues in regard to ExxonMobil, its position as the most dominant player in its field of operation, and its varied sources of revenue. This paper recognizes the company’s stable economic performance as one of its strengths. This paper identifies and explains the following as the weaknesses of the organization, excessive legal proceedings, employee instability, and a week upstream performance in the United States economy, and its association with dictatorial regimes in African countries such as Chad. It identifies the opportunities of this company as, emerging markets for energy in china, an increase for the demand of liquefied gas, increase in profitability due to its extensive base, among others. In identifying and describing the threats the organization faces, this paper focuses on the economic recession in United States of America and Europe, piracy and terror threats, and laws regulating the environment. This paper has a conclusion, and it is an analysis of the various described, and it gives a recommendation on whether investing in the company is

REVIEW THIESIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

REVIEW THIESIS - Essay Example Additionally, the study also discusses past research findings pertaining to the connection between education and creativity, particularly on how it contributed to success in business education. Moreover, the study will discuss the role of creativity in real life situations and the challenges of incorporating creativity within education with special emphasis on the business sector (Fasko, 2001, p.321). The twenty-first century is an age of globalization, telecommunication and digitalization of various forms of technologies. Therefore, this rapidly changing world demands people to multi-task and have the relevant skills in order to adapt. People need to have the ability to be flexible and process information quickly and efficiently. To succeed in the twenty-first century workforce, it is important for an individual to have certain skills: for example, problems, solving, goal setting and creative thinking skills. According to Jeffrey and Woods (2003, p. 122), an education system can develop these skills by raising and encouraging creativity among students. Education can encourage flexibility, innovation and positive creative thinking among students. Unfortunately, the education system in most institutions also contributes to avoidance of creativity among students. Despite the importance of formal education in the lives of people, most educational systems are failing to recognize the importance of developing creativity among the students. As Shaheen and Robinson (2010) argue, the education system is limiting the extent to which students can discover their creative potential. This is because creativity is not the main objective of the learning and assessment process in education. Most educational systems put more emphasis on the importance of meeting the objectives and goals of the school program but fail to address the importance of creativity among the

The Nature of Science Essay Example for Free

The Nature of Science Essay Science plays an important role in development of mankind, its cultural and technological progress. Science helps humanity to understand natural phenomena and biological changes, evolutionary processes and shifts. Science can be defined as a particular way of knowledge and perception of the world and human beings based on historical information, hypotheses and experiments. Biology and Earth Sciences allows researchers to understand the evolution of species, explain natural phenomena and predict possible changes in the Universe. In fact, the revolutionary changes are invariably prompted by contradictions which occur when the previous concepts are applied to particular phenomena, and it is in the attempts to remove these contradictions that the changes are made. Science can be seen as the criterion of truth. Science is logic of discovery as well as of confirmation. Seeking to reconstruct what happened in the past, Biology and Earth Sciences must and do take as data only presently available written reports, and the presently surviving physical remnants of antiquity; and part of the interest of the research lies in its relevance to present and future situations somehow related to those of the past (Gierer 2000). Science is not a self-contained or self-sustaining activity. The most important it is conducted only in a community that has reached a certain level of intellectual development, which involves and implies social organization, culture, art, and religion, as well as philosophy. Biology and Earth Sciences are closely connected with and depend upon historical progress and cultural development of society which determine that main trends and direction in experiments and research. For instance, during the Middle Ages, Biology and Earth Sciences were influenced by inquisition and dominance of theological doctrines while at the end of 17th-18th century these sciences flourished because of new economic conditions and separation of church and the state. These examples show that Biology and Earth Sciences are part of a culture and cannot exist apart from it. For a long time, people supposed that Earth was flat and the stars related directly to the earth. When humans mastered the cosmos (1961), it has opened a new era in scientific discoveries and the evolution of knowledge. A link between culture, society and biology is evident in current analysis of social settings and impact of biological perquisites on humans: â€Å"One way of asserting the relevance of â€Å"biology for understanding human social behavior is to propose that our understanding of human activities can be greatly enhanced by specific consideration of humans as evolved species shaped by processes of natural selection† (Freese et al 233). In Earth Sciences, scientists can achieve control in the laboratory where results are reproducible. In both Biology and Earth Sciences, the course of science may solve the puzzles researchers have encountered in the application of their theories, anomalies and contradictions arise. For instance, â€Å"serious scientific debates about the neo-Darwinist synthesis as the overarching explanation of the origins of our species are, in the larger scheme of things, disagreements over details† (Freese et al 234). Today, Earth scientists argue about the impact of global warming on population and climate change. These research fields are determined by cultural conditions and historical importance for the mankind. In many cases, changes in philosophical and cultural paradigms paralyze the advance of knowledge producing a crisis which is only removed when eventually a revolution occurs in the thinking and practice of scientists with the introduction of a new conceptual scheme (Gierer 2000). In sum, the nature if science is determined by historical, cultural and philosophical paradigms and the discoveries of the scientists made during a particular period of time. Accepting these restraints on his freedom, the scientist secures to himself the protection given by the community of others who accept the same canons of science and scientific knowledge. References Gierer, A. (2000). On Modern Science, Human Cognition and Cultural Diversity.   Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. Retrieved 20 March 2007 www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P137.pdf Freese, J., Li, Jui-Chung Allen, Wade, L.D. (2003). The Potential Relevances of Biology to Social Inquiry. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, pp. 233-235.