Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Report - Essay ExampleSub-normal rainfall, with less than 100mm of rain per social class can occur every 3-4 years. The region is characterised by one wet season, between April-August, followed by a prolonged dry season. Average rainfall varies from 600mm in low record areas to 1500mm in the highlands. Temperatures range from 16-30c (BDVS, 2005). 1.4 Population The mean density of people is 33.1 per km? (BDVS, 2005). However, this figure varies, and most settlements and populations are found approach pee resources. 62% of the population dont have enough food to maintain a healthy living. 1.5 Land use 20,000 Ha of land is used for cultivation of food and cash crops. However, despite the large size of farmed land, the pissing supply from rivers and lakes is inadequate to meet domestic, livestock and irrigation needs. 2 Water readying and Scarcity The WWF (World Wide Fund) states that freshwater is essential to human health, agriculture, industry and natural ecosystems, but is now running scarce in many regions of the world. conception 2 highlights reasons for current water shortages. Figure 2 Reasons For Water Shortages Adapted from Sub-sea Infrastructure Report (2006) According to Lomborg (2001), the worlds water consumption has almost quadrupled since 1940. many experts and environmental agencies including the UN Environmental Report GEO 2000 claim that the water shortage constitutes a full scale emergency, where the world water cycle seems unlikely to be able to cope with increased demands over the coming decades. 3 The Worlds Arid Regions Arid and semi-arid regions cover 30% of the total area (see Figure 3) of the worlds land surface (Balon and Dehnad, 2010) and over 40% of the worlds population live in these areas. Source http//www.fao.org/docrep/003/y1899e/y1899e50.gif 4 Methods of Water provision Mismanagement of existing boreholes, irrigation furrows and dams have lead to lengthy periods of disrepair, siltation and dereliction of Baringos water su pplies. Facilities are also often polluted by human and physical waste. For a district that is water-deficient, most of the rainwater that does fall goes to waste due to a lack of appropriate harvesting technologies, especially at household aim according to the Baringo District Vision and Strategy 2005-2015. I aim to highlight how mitigation strategies and water supply management can improve the effectiveness of water resources and provide long-term sustainable solutions. 4.1 Surface Water Capture and Storage There is a need to improve the efficiency of distribution and use of water (Gange, 1965). Kenyas current National Development Plan emphasises the promotion and utilization of rainwater for sustainable development. Non-profit organisations such as Kenya Rainwater Association (KRA) aim to commix communities and bring individuals, institutions, landowners and organisations together to enhance rainwater harvest and utilization techniques. They are currently investing in methods for reducing losses such as drying up from large storages, seepage from supply channels and other wastage that occurs within the distribution system. Theyve also built roof water tanks for schools that collects and provides safe drinking water. 4.2 Irrigation Agriculture single-valued function of water from the Chemeron Reservoir is a critical issue in Baringo. Current methods of informal basin and channel irrigation involve little monitoring of water application. raw irrigation